Building the Korean Film Industry\u27s Competitiveness: Abolish the Screen Quota and Subsidize the Film Industry

Under Korean law, local theaters in Korea must show Korean films for at least 146 days each year. In 1998, this screen quota became the subject of heated debate between the United States and the Korean film industry when the United States demanded that Korea abolish it. The United States believes the quota violates free trade principles, while the Korean film industry argues that cultural products such as films cannot be equated with other commercial commodities. Cultural identities must be protected because a diversified global culture benefits all. Domestic film industries should be protected because films constitute a vehicle for transmitting cultural values. One way to promote Korean culture is to encourage the production of films that portray Korean culture and to ensure that these films are commercially viable. Korea\u27s screen quota does not ensure that Korean films will depict Korean culture; instead, it merely requires films made in Korea to be shown in theatres. The screen quota is also problematic because it encourages complacency on the part of the Korean film industry toward domestic and global competitors. Government subsidies tied to film quality and cultural content, on the other hand, would promote Korean culture and ensure that Korean films are commercially viable. In Europe, subsidies have proven to be effective in stimulating domestic film industries to produce quality films that are commercially viable. Through subsidies, the Korean government can ensure that Korean culture will be preserved and promoted through film

Increasing eBook usage: The importance of investing time and money into access points

OBJECTIVE In January 2020, the Library migrated to a new Library Management System (LMS), Ex Libris Alma and Primo, that combines the functionality of a discovery service and the features of a traditional catalog. The Library’s eBooks, which were previously only accessible via a discovery service, are now discoverable along with other library resources via one access point. The objective of this study is to measure eBook usage over the 2017-2020 period as one means of determining the effect of user access points on eBook usage. METHODS Counter Book Report 2 (R4) eBook usage statistics from January to August for the years 2017 to 2020 were obtained from the Library’s four major packages that contain eBooks – LWW Health Sciences Library, ClinicalKey, AccessMedicine, and Case Files Collection. 2017 was the first year when all four major packages had been acquired by the Library. One sample t-tests were performed to examine whether or not there was a statistically significant increase in eBook usage. RESULTS The percent increase in eBook usage from January to August 2017 and January to August 2018 was 9.98%. The percent increase from January to August 2018 and January to August 2019 was 12%. Using a one sample t-test between percentages, at the .05 critical alpha level, the difference is not significant. t(1129)=1.45, p=.147. The percent increase from January to August 2019 and January to August 2020 was 37.09%. Using a one sample t-test between percentages, at the .05 critical alpha level, the difference is significant. t(1129)=12.893, p\u3c.001. CONCLUSIONS After the migration to the new LMS there was an overall significant increase in eBook usage. Investing time, such as merging eBooks into one access point, and money, i.e. the purchase of a robust LMS, may lead to increased eBook usage

Teacher personality and teacher effectiveness in secondary school: Personality predicts teacher support and student self-efficacy but not academic achievement

Students' educational outcomes are predicted by their noncognitive characteristics, including Big Five personality domains. Although theories of teaching and learning suggest that teacher noncognitive characteristics also impact student outcomes, such characteristics are rarely studied systematically. We propose that the Big Five personality domains of teachers are associated with teacher effectiveness. Furthermore, we test two potential moderators of these relationships: (1) source of teacher personality report (student reports may show stronger effects than teacher self-reports) and (2) frame of reference (contextualized "at school" personality items for teacher self-reports may show stronger effects than noncontextualized standard personality items). Multilevel regressions were conducted on the data collected from secondary school students (N = 2,082) and their mathematics and English teachers (N = 75). We statistically controlled for student and teacher gender, student previous academic achievement, and student personality. Teacher personality predicted the subjective measures of teacher effectiveness- the strongest predictors were conscientiousness for teacher academic support, agreeableness for teacher personal support, and neuroticism for student performance self-efficacy. Teacher personality did not predict the objective measure (student academic achievement). These effects were moderated by source of personality report but not by frame of reference. The possibility of including personality as part of the initial teacher trainee selection procedure in the future is briefly discussed

Intravital Imaging of Cellular Response due to Traumatic Brain Injury Using Confocal Microscopy

Introduction: Cellular reaction to traumatic brain injury is complex and involves considerable interactions between cells and reactivity to foreign bodies. Our objective was to assess neurons, microglia, astrocytes, and intracellular Ca2+ signaling by creating a novel confocal microscopy technique involving an air immersed lens that does not sacrifice resolution and limits signal attenuation. This study aimed to create a consistent dynamic methodology to observe the cortical cellular response using real-time intravital imaging as trauma is being induced. Methods: Once surgical plane was achieved, rodent cortices were exposed via craniotomy and blunt insertion with a silicone shunt catheter into the lateral ventricle was performed at a controlled rate. Neurons, microglia, astrocytes, and intracellular Ca+2signaling were fluorescently tagged with DiD (4-chlorobenzenesulfonate), tomato lectin from lycopersicon esculentum, sulforhodamine B, and Cal 520 AM, respectively. Activity tracking of fluorescently tagged markers 700 microns from blunt insertion TBI was performed using upright resonant scanning confocal microscopy. Results: Neurons, microglia, astrocytes, and Ca2+ signaling were identified at a depth of 100 microns from the meninges. Gross movement of cells was visualized during shunting by identifying specific cells and tracking movement over time. Preliminary data shows that astrocytes are in closest proximity to the inserted shunt catheter. Conclusion: This novel method identified cell types and tracked gross movement. Although preliminary data and other post-hoc studies indicate primarily astrocytic involvement, it shows that we can successfully record immediate cell involvement around the shunt catheter for the first time. Future studies will improve cellular tracking and imaging resolution